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Qatabānian (or Qatabānic), one of the four better-documented languages of the Old South Arabian (or "Ṣayhadic") sub-group of South Semitic, was spoken mainly but not exclusively in the kingdom of Qatabān, located in central Yemen. The language is attested between 500 BC and 200 AD. Some two thousand inscriptions are known written in the Ancient South Arabian Monumental Script, known as ''Musnad''. These inscriptions are mainly found in Wādī Bayhān and Wādī Ḥārib to the south-east of Ma'rib, and from the plateau to the south of that area. Qatabanian inscriptions increase after the beginning of the 4th century BC when the Sabaeans ceased to dominate the area, and Qatabān became an independent kingdom. Qatabanian was spoken in an area across the kingdom of Qatabān as far as Jabal al-'Awd (near Zafar) in the southwest, and if we are to believe the Greek and Latin writers, it went as far as Bāb al-Mandab on the Red Sea. At the end of the 2nd century AD, Saba' and Ḥaḑramawt finally defeated Qatabān, and the inscriptions ended.〔Leonid Kogan and Andrey Korotayev: Ṣayhadic Languages (Epigraphic South Arabian). ''Semitic Languages''. London: Routledge, 1997, p. 157-183.〕 The language used to write inscriptions in the kingdom of Awsān, known as Awsānian (or Awsānite) is virtually identical to Qatabānic, but it is so badly attested (25 inscriptions), that it remains uncertain whether it is a Qatabānic dialect or a distinct language. ==Numerals== Qatabānian has an unusual form for the cardinal number "one" - ''ṭd'' / fem. ''ṭt'' ; this has no known cognates in any of the ancient Semitic languages, although it does appear in modern South Arabian languages (cf. Jibbālī ''ṭad'', fem. ''ṭit''). Qatabānian also has another word for "one", ''ˤs1tn'', which is cognate with the Minaean ''ˤs1t'' 〔Nebes and Stein: Ancient South Arabian, in The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia, pg. 163〕(and with forms in Akkadian, Ugaritic and Hebrew).〔Giovanni Mazzini: Some Qatabanian Lexical Items. In: Aula Orientalis, 29 (2011), pp. 121-129.〕 The Qatabānian forms for "three" and "six" are the same as the Old Sabaean words: ''s2lṯ'' (fem. ''s2lṯt'') and ''s1dṯ'' (fem. ''s1dṯt''). Qatabānian expresses distributives by repeating the number, thus: b-ˤs2r ˤs2r ḫbṣtm mṣˤm l-ṭt ṭt ywmm "ten full Ḫabṣat coins each for each day".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qatabanian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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